from EETimes: http://ift.tt/1HzOIux
via Yuichun
Join Dave step-by-step as he attempts to find the problem with a non-booting Aiphone GF NS building intercom system. Will a reset chip make a monkey out of him?
And as always, a trap for young players is explained.
Brochure:
http://ift.tt/1CYGJmJ
Install Manual:
http://ift.tt/1CYGJmL
Setup Manual: http://ift.tt/1CYGKHg
Datasheets:
Mitsubishi M16C: http://ift.tt/1BGuvuz
24LC128 EEPROM: http://ift.tt/1CYGKHk
RS232 driver: http://ift.tt/1CYGJmN
ALEXANDRIA, VA—Fourteen people—including the inventors of the blue LED, the nickel-metal-hydride battery, and the X-ray spectrometer—have been named to the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Global smartphone shipments grew 30% annually from 1.0 billion units in 2013 to a record 1.3 billion in 2014 with Android accounting for 81% of shipments, reports Strategy Analytics.
Emerging markets, such as China and Indonesia, drove the industry’s growth last year and are expected to continue to do so, says SA.
One billion Android smartphones were shipped – up from 800,000 units in 2013 – compared to 192.7 million iOS smartphones representing 15% share.
“Microsoft shipped 38.8 million smartphones for a relatively niche 3 percent marketshare worldwide in 2014, ” says SA’s Woody Oh, “Microsoft still lacks multiple major hardware partners to build its phones, while Microsoft’s retail presence in important countries like China remains tiny.”
Q4 saw 375 million smartphone shipments, says Juniper Research.
Samsung shipped an estimated 315 million smartphones in 2014 accounting for 25% of all smartphone shipments, however the company reported its first annual earnings decline in 3 years and Q4 shipments fell 3% to 76 million.
Meanwhile, Apple posted a record quarter of 74.5m iPhone sales, representing q-o-q growth of 90% and y-o-y growth of 46% compared to Q4 2013.
With the demand for iPhones driven by the 6 and 6 Plus models, the company for the first time ever, sold more iPhones in China than in the US.
Despite closing in on Samsung in Q4, Apple had a market share of 15% for the full year in 2014.
Lenovo-Motorola combined is estimated to have shipped over 90m smartphones in 2014, managing to improve its market share to just over 7%.
Microsoft, meanwhile reported a 10.5 million Lumia shipments in Q4 2014, driven by low-cost models.
Huawei improved its market share y-o-y, shipping over 70 million smartphones in 2014, with the Honor line of devices accounting for nearly 28% of the total.
Cree, the SiC and GaN specialist, has brought out an asymmetric Doherty PA reference design for the 3.5–3.7GHz band for small cells.
This band is an additional spectrum space intended to complement small cell technology by providing increased wireless system capacity for both licensed wireless carrier services and unlicensed public use, such as WiFi.
Providing 10W average output power and predistortion (DPD) correctability, this Doherty PA design utilises Cree’s 30W CGHV27030S and 15W CGHV27015S GaN HEMT devices, which can operate with either 50V or 28V drain supplies and enable enhanced design flexibility for telecommunications, wideband tactical radio, and radar applications spanning low frequencies to 6GHz.
Cree’s CDPA35045 was evaluated by engineers at Xilinx in a 3.5GHz test radio platform that implemented Xilinx CFR and DPD SmartCOR IP on a Xilinx ZC706 evaluation board featuring the company’s Zynq 7Z045 All Programmable System-on-Chip (APSoC) as the processing engine.
The evaluation proved that this combination of Xilinx Zynq APSoC devices and Cree GaN devices results in efficient, low cost, and low power products that enable full flexibility of control processing and the radio signal.
Consequently, the Cree CDPA35045 asymmetric Doherty PA combined with Xilinx radio signal processing IP is an effective solution for small cell implementation in the 3.5–3.7GHz wireless band.
This combination provides base station designers with a proven design that supports the development of new small cell wireless infrastructure equipment, significantly reducing design time and enabling faster product time to market.
Imagination Technology has revealed the production version of its Creator CI20 single board computer.
Compared with the developers version, available for a few months, on-board flash is doubled to 8Gbyte and the PCB is now a rather striking purple.
CI20 is Imaginations attempt to popularise the MIPS architecture (which it owns) against ARM, and is essentially a large, more expensive, more capable homage to Raspberry Pi.
On board are: dual-core 1.2 GHz MIPS-based Ingenic JZ4780processor, PowerVR SGX540 GPU (Imagination also owns PowerVR), H.264-capable video decoder, 1GbyteRAM, 8Gbyte flash, SD card slot, Ethernet, Wi-Fi b/g/n, and Bluetooth 4.0.
There is an HDMI port for screens up to 1080p screen.
There are two operating system options: Debian 7 Linux or Android 4.4 KitKat.
Trusted Reviews reviewed the developers CI20
European lab CERN is working to standardise 64bit Linux as the operating system for all if its control systems, according to test firm National Instruments (NI).
NI has been involved with CERN for many years, and NI’s LabView system design tool was used to develop control software for, amongst other things, the Large Hadron Collider’s collimation system.
The engineering department of CERN’s industrial controls and engineering (EN-ICE) group was lead customer when NI defined the 64bit Linux version of LabView.
“The ICE Group appreciates the engagement of NI to develop 64bit software for CERN in a collaborative way,” said Adriaan Rijllart, section leader at EN-ICE group.
LabView for 64bit Linux was officially released to the public in last year.
Osram Opto is claiming cleaner laser injection into optical fibres with its most recent laser bar.
The device is 5mm wide and consists of five emitters, each 100μm wide with a 4mm long cavity.
Called SPL BF98-40-5, it creates 976nm infra-red at 3W/mm.mrad at an optical output of 44W.
Lateral divergence is between 6° at 30W (95% of power) and approximately 9.5° at 60W.
“Beam quality of a laser is a crucial factor for coupling laser light into optical fibres,” said Osram. “A brilliant light source greatly simplifies the design of the optical system.”
Electro-optical efficiency is claimed to be 65% at 44W for easier cooling.
According to the firm. Life tests show an output drop under 1% after 4,000 hours producing 65W with 25°C cooling water.
Fibre-coupled diode laser systems are used in the automobile industry for vehicle chassis welding, soldering and coating.
Laser diodes are also used for pumping metal cutting fibre lasers – 976nm is suited to pumping ytterbium-doped fibres in particular.
Development was assisted by the Germany Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) HEMILAS project.
Typical efficiency of 92% has allowed Excelsys Technologies to design a convention-cooled 500W power supply.
XS500, as it is known, carries dual safety certification: EN60950 2nd Edition for industrial applications and EN60601-1 2nd and 3rd Edition for medical applications, meeting the stringent creepage and clearance requirements.
Input to output isolation is 4kVac and “this can be tested on the complete power supply, simplifying system safety agency approvals”, said Excelsys.
2 MOPP (2 means of patient protection) is provided and leakage is under 300uA making it suitable for use in B (body) and BF (body floating) medical applications.
On top of this, designed to meet MIL810G, XS500 is compliant with SEMI F47 for voltage dips and interruptions as well as compliant with relevant EMC emission and immunity standards. It can withstand input surges of 4kV and has been characterised to MIL461F with an external EMI filter for high-rel and defence use.
Operation is from 90-264Vac and offers nominal outputs of 24V/21A and 48V/10.5A, both of which can be adjusted to to other values via the on-board potentiometer or Vtrim functions.
Control includes: remote on/off, power fail, remote sense and current limit adjust.
Protection includes over-voltage, over-current and over-temperature.
Options include I2C digital comms, OR-ing for N+1 redundancy, and conformal coating and ruggedisation for harsh environments.
Warranty is five years, and dimensions are: 323x128x39mm and 1.1kg
“Typical applications for the XS500 include medical systems such as imaging and blood processing equipment.,” said the Excelsys. “In particular, since no cooling fans are used, the units are ideal for medical systems that stipulate low audible noise specifications. The series also suits industrial, laboratory and hi-rel applications.”
Infineon’s calendar Q4 profit was up 46% y-o-y at at €169 million on revenues of €1,128 million up 15% y-o-y.
Infineon’s revenues have increased for seven straight quarters.
The company expects 2015 revenues of of between €4.75 billion and €4.92 billion with an operating margin of 14-15%.
However, the contribution of International Rectifier, whose acquisition was completed on January 15th, will increase that substantially. IR’s figures will be incorporated into Infineon’s results for the current quarter reported in May.
Power management and security ICs will continue to outpace the rest of the business and automotive, now accounting for half Infineon’s sales, will grow in line with the overall growth expected for the company.
Massive news!
A new edition of the bible is almost here, after a 25 year wait!
You can pre-order it now on Amazon, for April 30th release. And if you want to help support the blog, then please use THIS LINK and I get a small cut, doesn’t cost you anything.
And yes, from all reports you will want to keep your 2nd edition, as this one, whilst having tons of new stuff, doesn’t have everything from the old edition.
University of Birmingham scientists have found a solar system with Earth-sized planets from the dawn of the Galaxy – 11 billion years ago.
They used data from sensors on NASA’s Kepler space telescope, made by E2V of Essex.
Kepler’s telescope stares fixedly at a +/-6° cone of space with the largest NASA image sensor ever, assembled by Ball Aerospace, and consisting of 42 28x55mm back-illuminated CCD arrays made by E2V. Each has 2,200×1,044 27µm pixels responding across visible and near-IR wavelengths (400-850nm).
This sits behind a 0.95m aperture Schmidt telescope with a 1.4m primary mirror – see the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) website for chapter and verse.
Although it is a telescope, it is not used to take pictures. Instead it is used to continuously monitor the intensity of all stars in its field of view above a certain brightness – all 100,000 of them. To improve its photometry, it is deliberately slightly out of focus (by 10arcsecond).
To prevent saturation, charge on the CCDs it read out every 3s and the resulting data is integrated over 30 minutes for each star.
“The instrument has the sensitivity to detect an Earth-size transit of a solar-like (mv=12 G2V) star at 4 sigma in 6.5 hours of integration,” said NASA.
Data is stored on the spacecraft and sent to Earth once per month.
To work out the age of the star, the Birmingham team used asteroseismology – watching pulsations in the intensity of the star that indicate the way seismic waves are resonating around inside it. From this, we are told, the star’s age can be deduced.
The existence and size of planets is deduced from variations of star intensity cause by the planets passing between the star and the CCD array.
Details of the ancient star system (called Kepler-444) have been published in the Astrophysical Journal. The planets are actually said to be between the size between Mercury and Venus.
The pale yellow-orange star is 25% smaller than the Sun and substantially cooler. Its age is estimated at 11.2+/-1.0 billion years, two and a half times older than the Earth.
‘By the time the Earth formed, the planets in this system were already older than our planet is today. We now know that Earth-sized planets have formed throughout most of the Universe’s 13.8 billion year history, which could provide scope for the existence of ancient life in the Galaxy,” said Dr Tiago Campante of Birmingham’s school of physics and astronomy.
According to the Univeristy, the planets orbit in under 10 Earth days, indicating they are close to the star – less than one-tenth Earth’s distance from the Sun.
Kepler is a 3.5 year mission, which could be extended to 6 years.
Toshiba has added two ARM Cortex-M4F based TX04 series microcontrollers. Both the TMPM470FDFG and TMPM475FDFG are capable of operating two brushless DC motors simultaneously.
The microcontrollers aim to satisfy demand for more energy efficient motors and incorporate vectoring technology to ensure highly efficient motor control.
The TMPM475FDFG further integrates a CAN (Controller Area Network) controller which is required for use in specialist factory automation systems. Both chips are ideal for a wide range of uses ranging from industrial applications to use in home appliances, such as washing machines, fridges and air-conditioning units.
The TMPM470FDFG and TMPM475FDFG are based upon the ARM Cortex-M4F and can operate at up to 120MHz. They incorporate two modules, each containing a programmable motor drive, 12-bit AD converter and vector engine, ensuring the efficient and simultaneous operation of two brushless DC motors from a single chip.
Housed in a 14mm x 14mm LQFP100 package both the TMPM470FDFG and TMPM475FDFG offer an operating voltage ranging from 4.5 to 5V.
STMicroelectronics reported 2014 sales of $7.4 billion for a net profit of $128 million and Q4 sales of $1.83 billion for a Q4 net profit of $43 million. It expects a 5% drop in revenues in Q1.
2014 revenues were 9.2% lower than 2013 revenues.
CEO Carlo Bozotti said that ST’s main objective for this year was to return to revenue growth. ST had higher revenues 15 years ago than it did last year.
Q4 gross margin was 33.8% which is expected to slip to 33.2% in Q1 because of under-utilised fabs. The 10% operating margin target set for mid-2015 has now been revised to a “mid-term” aspiration.
Dave does some performance checks and then tears down a Krohn Hite EDC 4601 0.05% 6 decade 1ppm resolution 0-1000V AC voltage standard.
MV106 DC Voltage Standard
Datasheets:
Vactrol
XR2228 Multiplier/Decoder
Epson SPG8640 oscillator/divider
Forum HERE
Cornwall-based Arcol Resistors has released a wirewound discharge resistor for large capacitors.
Shaped to screw straight onto the capacitor, there are three power ratings in the RW series: 10W (1-15kΩ), 13W(1-2kΩ) and 22W (1-33kΩ), all with ten times overload or over-voltage for 5 seconds.
Operation is over -55 to +200°C, de-rating 80 to 175°C linearly.
Tolerance is ±1% (code F) or ±5% (J), and temperature coefficient is 30 or 100ppm/°C.
Discharge resistors are routinely connected across large value output capacitors found in electrical and electronic equipment which may store dangerous levels of energy after the equipment has been turned off.
“Providing a safe discharge avoids any hazardous conditions when connecting other equipment or during service or repair,” said Arcol.
A second application is for use as balancing resistors to control voltage across series-connected capacitors.
Arcol designs and manufactures its resistors in Cornwall, and has been business since 1952.
€7.9 billion of VC money was invested in Europe last year, up from €6.3 billion in 2013 but doen from the record-breaking €10.6 billion of 2001, says Dow Jones VentureSource.
Last year’s investments were driven by a tripling of VC-backed IPOs to 55 raising €3.7 billion compared to the 18 VC-backed IPOs of 2013 which raised €500 million.
Rocket Internet was Europe’s largest VC-backed IPO last year, raising €1.4 billion on the Frankfurt exchange in October.
The two biggest VC investors in Europe last year were High-Tech Gruenderfonds Management of Germany with 51 VC investments and, in second place, a tie between Index Ventures and the Russian Internet Initiatives Development Fund which each made 31 VC investments.
Fujitsu’s 150mm wafer fab in Aizu-Wakamatsu has started mass production of GaN power devices for Transphorm’s power modules.
Transphorm has a 600V GaN device platform which delivers photovoltaic power conditioners, AC adapters, power supplies for PCs, servers and telecom equipment, and motion control systems.
“The start of mass production in a CMOS-compatible fab is a significant step forward toward achieving the widespread use of GaN power devices,” says Haruki Okada, President of Fujitsu Semiconductor.
“Manufacturing Transphorm’s GaN power devices at Aizu-Wakamatsu will assure our customers a scalable, stable supply of products with the stamp of Fujitsu’s standards in mass manufacturing,” says Transphorm CEO Fumihide Esaka.
The UK’s exhibition dedicated to test and measure, ElectroTestExpo will take place in March at the National Space Centre in Leicester.
This free-to-attend event, which includes an exhibition and seminar programme, will take place on 25th March at the National Space Centre, Leicester.
Exhibitors currently include:
According to James Stanbridge from JTAG Technologies: “Following a great tradition we have chosen a scientific venue that is worth a visit in its own right. Coupled with an enthralling agenda of presentations and an exhibition of the latest test technologies, we hope to welcome design, production and test engineers from far and wide”.
A schedule for the seminar programme will be posted on the event web-site
Researchers at Stanford University have made stacked carbon nanotube ICs with an average density of 100 carbon nanotubes per micrometer with a current density of up to 122 microamperes per micrometer.
“Now that we have this nanotube that’s on par with conventional silicon,” says researcher H.-S. Philip Wong, “we can think about building high-performance systems.”
The Stanford team grew CNTs on quartz begins with quartz. A layer of gold was deposited on top and then peeled away with thermal tape, taking the CNTs with them.
The nanotubes can then be transferred to the target surface, where the thermal tape is eased off and the gold chemically removed, leaving an array of parallel carbon nanotubes on the surface.
One transfer yields around eight nanotubes per micrometer, as measured perpendicular to the direction that current would flow across the devices.
The deposition process can be repeated more than a dozen times by laying down a gluelike polymer before each successive deposition of carbon nanotubes which prevents the CNTs from sticking to one another.
The Stanford team used the multiple-transfer strategy to create a monolithic 3-D IC.
The team built a crossbar switch—a circuit that can be used to connect different inputs and outputs—out of a layer of silicon, two layers of resistive RAM, and then a layer of carbon nanotube transistors. They were able to build the stack of circuits without raising temperatures above 400 °C, which could damage the transistors.
Wago is offering surface-mount push-in mains power connectors.
There are two series: 2060 and the larger 2061 for 9 and 12A respectively.
Applications are expected in LED lighting and, to allow them to be used board-to-board as well as cable-to-board, back-to-back male-male couplers are available (see picture).
2060 connectors are 13.1mm front to back, 4.5mm high and 4mm pitch for cables between 0.2 and 0.75mm2.
2016 are 15,8 long, 5.6mm high, and 6mm pitch for 0.5-1.5mm2 conductors.
There is also an 8mm pitch version of 2060 for 630V operation.
Operating and surge voltage ratings are covered in this data sheet on Farnell’s website – Farnell is stocking 1, 2 and 3way variants.
The SEMI book-to-bill for December was 0.98.
December bookings were $1.37 billion. The bookings figure is 12.3% higher than the final November 2014 level of $1.22 billion, and is 1.1% lower than the December 2013 order level of $1.38 billion.
The three-month average of worldwide billings in December 2014 was $1.39 billion. The billings figure is 17.0% higher than the final November 2014 level of $1.19 billion, and is 3.1% higher than the December 2013 billings level of $1.35 billion.
“While three-month averages for both bookings and billings increased, billings outpaced bookings slightly, nudging the book-to-bill ratio slightly below parity,” says SEMI CEO Denny McGuirk, “2015 equipment spending is forecast to remain on track for annual growth given the current expectations for the overall semiconductor industry.”
In July the b-to-b was 1.07, in August 1.04, in September 0.94, in October 0.93, in November 1.02 and in December 0.98.
PicoScope 3000D series PC oscilloscopes have up to 200MHz bandwidth, two or four analogue channels, plus 16 digital channels on the mixed-signal models, and an arbitrary waveform generator.
Maximum real-time sampling rate is 1Gsample/s, memories range from 64 to 512Msample, and PC connection is via USB 3.0.
“Even at 1Gsmple/s, you can capture a 500ms waveform – that’s half a billion samples – while hardware acceleration keeps the display updating smoothly,” said managing director Alan Tong.
For analysing signal bursts separated by long gaps, the 512Msample buffer memory can be segmented to acquire up to 10,000 individual waveform segments of 50,000 samples, with less than 1µs re-arm time between each segment – useful for CAN busses, said the firm.
There is a spectrum analyser mode, and software allows serial bus (I2C, UART/RS232, SPI, CAN, LIN, FlexRay and I2S) decoding, mask limit testing, maths channels and filtering.
Triggers, which are all-digital, include pulse width, interval, window, window pulse width, level dropout, window dropout, runt pulse, variable hysteresis, and logic. Mixed signal variants combine digitised analogue triggers with edge and pattern triggering on the digital inputs.
Screen size and resolution are unrestricted, and depend on the PC connected.
The accompanying PicoScope software now has a fast persistence mode for updates of around 100,000waveform/s, while the math channels have been expanded to include configurable filters.
For those wishing to hook into the software, there is a free SDK (software development kit) with example programs in C#, C++, Excel, LabVIEW and MATLAB, and it can be used with any language that supports C calling conventions.
PicoScope software and the SDK are compatible with Windows (XP to 8), and there are beta versions for Linux, Mac OS X, Beaglebone Black and Raspberry Pi.
Prices range from $576 (two-channel 50MHz) to $2,385 (four-channel 200MHz mixed signal) with probes and a five year warranty.
PicoScopes are made in the UK.
Are the laws of physics being bent?
Dave explains why free energy / over unity / quantum vacuum circuits are bullshit. And how to find out what’s really happening here by using basic engineering principles.
Can a bunch of toroids, some wire, and a simple circuit boost converter really generate more power than you put in and power 23 LED’s for 52 hours?
He goes through the claims and debunks them one-by-one.
Explains how the circuit works and then builds up the circuit and takes some measurements to show that the energy can easily come from the battery and not some quantum vacuum.
This is as much a demonstration of basic ballpark system engineering, calculations, and understand, as it is debunking.
The video in question is HERE
Original forum thread with author comments is HERE
New forum thread HERE