from EETimes: http://ift.tt/1oknheJ
via Yuichun
Much like all the electronic digital gadgets, eventually Apple MacBook power adapters will stop working because of the exposure to the extreme climate, excessive wire bending, or simply that it is the aging adapter. The lifespan of an ac adapter is relying on the amount they are utilized and there isn't sure time which adapters may last. Below I'll list several ways of checking if your adapter has already gave up on functioning.
1. Examine the Laptop
Your laptop adapter might not get your MacBook powered because the loose connection. Ensure that all connectors are accurately inserted. Check the adapter case as well. Notebook adapters usually have an LED light which lights up as the adapter is powering the notebook. If the light is off, your laptop may not acquire any power.
If this is still not solving the problem, check out electrical wall socket. The problem may merely be that power socket you are connected isn't working now days. Change the sockets to fix this issue. For your DC AC adapter of your laptop computer, examine the DC-jack. This adapter must snugly fit in. If you can get your adapter connected just the right angle or spot, then your DC-jack may be broken.
2. Check out the Adapter
Make sure nothing at all is resting on the Apple power cord, such as notebook bag, a book, or anything that might touch your power cable. If nothing may bend the cable, the check the cable itself. The consistent bending from storing the adapter might expose the wires within the cable. This exposure may cause it to stop working properly.
3.Upgrade the BIOS (Basic Input-Output System )
A computer's BIOS is embedded application on a motherboard and for some PCs, BIOS controls attached hardware. Under this situation, it provides an operating system with information about hardware, and is designed to support a specific range of components. An outdated BIOS could potentially cause unknown AC Adapter problems. If ever that happens, you should visit the the Apple's website to for latest BIOS updates to your MacBook Computer.
When you have checked the above mentioned and your MacBook Power Adapter is still not working, a new one is needed. It costs you an arm and a leg to get the OEM AC adapters (Original Equipment Manufacturer, for example,if your laptop is Apple, a Apple AC adapter is OEM adapter). Aftermarket Power Adapters are best alternative to this. Many of them cost only 1/2 or 1/3 of the OEM ones and they work the same.
Source From:
http://ezinearticles.com/?What-to-Do-If-Your-MacBook-Power-Adapter-Not-Working?&id=4218685
Removal errors in A/D converters for software defined radio applications
WiFi in airports has been hassle and frustration for years, says David Manners. Now Neelie Kroes, the EC VP who is pushing for the abolition of roaming charges, is on the WiFi case.
Thank God for Dusseldorf Airport. Never thought I’d ever say that but the meanness of whoever runs Dusseldorf Airport has propelled the indefatigable Neelie Kroes on a new crusade.
WiFi in airports has been hassle and frustration for years. All airports have it but some over-charge massively for it and have very complex procedures for accessing it and paying for it. They don’t actually ask for your inside trouser leg measurement but you get the impression they would if they’d thought of it.
Now Neelie Kroes, the EC VP who is pushing for the abolition of roaming charges, is on the WiFi case.
Going through Dusseldorf airport last week Kroes was appalled to find they charge for WiFi. It is thievery!” says Kroes, “we pay huge charges to use airports, people expect connectivity in 2014!”
In UK airports I don’t even bother to look for WiFi any more because I know they’ll not only charge but they’ll have a hugely hassley procedure for paying.
Fortunately the cellular signal is OK at Heathrow and Gatwick.
Abroad it’s pot luck. Kroes splits airports into good and bad.
Good:
Munich; Cork; Dublin; Vienna; Amsterdam Schiphol; Helsinki; Macedonia, Thessaloniki; Stockholm Arlanda; Vilnius; Ljubljana; Turku; Dubai; Montreal; Bogota; Cleveland; Hong Kong; Dallas Fort Worth; Miami
Bad:
London Heathrow; London Gatwick; Paris CDG; Milan Linate; Stockholm Bromma; Athens Venizelos; Seville; Madrid; Bologna; Copenhagen; Malaga; Düsseldorf.
In the good list I can add San Jose which has free, easy to use WiFi.
Hurrah for Neelie. Now she’s on the case we should have no more nonsense from these airport operators.
Dave comments on the Sparkfun/Fluke multimeter customs trademark/trade dress fiasco, and shows off the new low cost Fluke 114/117 Kit Multimeter about to be released.
The Sparkfun blog post
Flukes Trade Commission Exclusion Order
GIVEAWAY: I’ll be giving this multimeter away to the most needy – but only if you bothered to read this video description!
So if you want it, leave a comment saying why you should have it.
Dave takes a look at the world’s cheapest temperature controlled soldering station, the $16 Hakko 936 knockoff Yihua 936 from Hobby King.
How does it compare to the older genuine Hakko 926?
Also, thermal capacity comparison testing is done on those two irons plus the high thermal capacity JBC.
Sagan also gives his verdict.
http://ift.tt/1jJ2fnT
While high-power LEDs continue to attract most of the attention, plenty of mid-power lighting LED announcements have been timed alongside next week’s Light and Building exhibition in Frankfurt.
Sharp, for example, will be revealing a colour-tuneable LED that can tune up and down the blackbody curve from 2,700-6,500K.
The 4.2x3x0.9mm device has two die, one at each colour temperture, and is tuned by varying the current ratio between them.
Over 30 lm is available across the range from 370mW of drive.
For more on this and other mid-power devices at Light +Building, take a look at the Led Luminaries blog.
The EC is now pledged to take up the case of the sacked Micron researchers.
EC Vice-President Antonio Tajani visited protesting Micron workers in Catania yesterday and pledged his support for their cause.
“I pledge to to intervene with this company just as we did with Tenneco,” Tajani told the Micron employees.
Tenneco is a Chicago company which tried to close sites in Spain and Belgium.
Tajani recalled how, after the announcement of the closure and downsizing of Tenneco Gijon (Spain) and Sint-Truiden (Belgium), the EC met with representatives of the company and unions to evaluate all possibilities and maintain employment levels.
“Europe is promoting reindustrialization to ensure growth and employment, especially in high technology sectors like microelectronics, that therefore need to be supported,” said Tajani.
There is widespread outrage across Italy that Micron announced a 5% global workforce reduction and then said that, in Italy, it would be a 40% reduction.
This was after the 35 year-old Idaho-based Micron had its best ever year when it doubled its revenues to $14.2 billion.
With the growth of civilization and industry, we immediately felt the necessity to channel more power into our machines. That's when the idea of 'power transformers' came to reality. As the name suggests; a power transformer channels massive power into mechanical apparatus. There are many types of transformers actually. Each created to serve an individual purpose. The different types of transformers are-
• Power Transformers
• Flyback Transformers
• Voltage Transformers
And power transformer is a member of this family. With the passing years, transformers have grown pretty popular with the increasing demand for electrically operated systems. To deliver electronic apparatus to the people worldwide; an industry needs massive power supply, which can only be delivered by a power transformer. Their efficiency in running consistent power flow in an industry; led people to choose nuclear/thermal operated power transformers. Bigger and more powerful full transformers have appeared to help people in keeping pace with the world business. Manufacturers follow few precise methods to deliver better quality transformers. These methods are-
• Incorporation with an electrostatic shield for the attenuation of voltage spikes, fine noise, and transients.
• They must be crafted to handle non-linear loads.
• The coils should be wrapped with foil to reduce the heating effects.
• Transformers should incorporate a neutral conductor sized at 2 times rated phase current.
• Cases that hold transformers should be grounded per the National Electric Code.
• All kinds of defects in materials, workmanship and performance should be guaranteed for 10 years from the date of manufacture.
So, there is no way to deny the uplifting work of transformers in our life. On the other hand, there is another important element that fulfills a transformers worth. These elements are called 'inductors'.
Manufacturers use inductors in all kinds of electronic devices. These smart devices take care of the electronic appliance by controlling the flow of electricity in them and maintaining a safe level of electrical power inside. It also reduces the intensity of noise that emanate from electronic circuits. That's why it is called the 'key element' of an electronic device. The other component that shares shoulder for this task with inductors is Toroid. These components offer higher and better inductance. A Toroid looks like a miniature doughnut, but its uses are overwhelming. Let's see what separates them from other inductors-
• Toroid is a special type of inductor that doesn't interact with neighboring components
• It has higher and efficient inductance power than other inductors
• A Toroid is pretty cost-effective
• Toroids can be found in different diameters and width
• Their behavior is mechanically friendly with regards to usage
• The Q values are remarkably great
So, it's not hard to figure out that, a power transformer is the reason of our industrial growth at present and in the near future but not without the inductors.
Source From:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Relation-Between-Power-Transformers-And-Inductors&id=6897113
Cree is claiming another LED milestone with the demonstration of 303 lm/W from a white high power LED.
“Efficacy was measured at a correlated color temperature of 5,150K and 350mA,” said the firm. “Standard room temperature was used to achieve the results.”
No other details are available, nor are photo – which is a similar situation to the near silence when Cree announced a 200 lm/W luminaire earlier this year.
Cree is linking the announcement to the Light+Building show next week in Frankfurt, but probably don’t hold your breath if you are expecting to get a look at the record-breaker.
French lab CEA-Leti will demonstrate its prototype for wireless high data rate Li-Fi transmission at Light + Building in Frankfurt next week.
The uses the high-speed capabilities for LED lighting and achieves throughputs of up to 10Mbit/s at a range of 3m, suitable for HD video streaming, using less than 1,000 lm – with direct or indirect illumination.
“With this first proof of concept and its expertise in RF communications, Leti forecasts data transmission rates in excess of 100Mbit/s with traditional lighting based on LED lamps using this technology approach and without altering the lighting characteristics,” claimed Leti.
The optical system consists of an A19 LED lamp at the transmitter and an avalanche photodiode at the receiver. “The digital communication component is implemented on a proprietary and reconfigurable platform that carries out a flexible multi-carrier modulation,” said Leti, which is focussing on component optimisation to offer a bi-directional link.
This is the same prototype that was demonstrated at Forum LED Europe in Paris in 2013, and at CES in Las Vegas earlier this year.
Osram has created a chip-on-board (CoB) LED array for spotlights in retail and museums.
Called Soleriq P 9, it produces 2,000 lm from a 9mm diameter. “Just one is enough to replace a 35 W HID lamp for spotlighting,” said the company. “The light emitting surface is around 50% smaller than the existing Soleriq S 13, but the LED delivers twice as much light with the same efficiency.”
Luminous efficacy is 100 lm/W for the 3,000K variant at 85°C.
There is more to come.
“Over the next few months we will be unveiling more products in the Soleriq P family, taking the benefits of the P series into different form factors and areas of application”, said Andreas Vogler, responsible for the P 9 at Osram.
The Osram partner network has holders, optics and drivers tailored to the Soleriq families, said Osram.
Technical data:
15x15mm package
9mm dia emitting surface
120° beam angle
2,000 lm at Tj=85°C and 3,000K
100 lm/W at Tj=85°C and 3,000K
80min and 90min CRI
2,700-5,000K (CRI 80)
2,700-4,000K (CRI 90)
Autosub Long Range is exploring the coast of Donegal in a 30 day scientific expedition.
The autonomous vehicle is the latest in the line of world-beating submarines developed by the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) in Southampton.
Autosub LR has a 6,000km range, endurance of six months and can dive to 6,000m.
“Although a third the weight of Autosub3 and Autosub6000, it will be able to travel for more than ten times the distance, and be deployed for over a hundred times greater duration. All this, and with a depth rating of 6000m,” said NOC. “The key to achieving this performance is efficient propulsion at slow speed [0.4m/s], and by keeping tight control of the power used by the AUV sensors and control systems. One area in which recent advances in technology has helped make this possible has been in the development of microprocessors for devices such as mobile phones which have ample processing power, but which use very little energy.”
Forged aluminium spheres (see transparent view), hold the batteries (front sphere) and the control computer (rear sphere). The propulsion motor is housed in a dry pressure vessel and coupled to the propeller through magnetic couplings – eliminating energy sapping and potentially unreliable rotating seals.
It runs with only 2kg buoyancy out a total displacement of 650kg – even the small amount of dissolved solids in the Southampton fresh water test tank affects buoyancy and must be accounted for (see picture below).
During its missions, it surfaces occasionally and transmits data back via an Iridium satellite data link.
Off Ireland, it is collecting scientific data down to 1,500m for the four-year FASTNEt (fluxes across sloping topography of the north east Atlantic) research programme into the little-known slopes of the ocean shelf edge – which aims to gain understanding of the water exchange between the UK’s shelf edge seas and the deep ocean.
“The ocean shelf edge is where the shallow coastal waters of the UK’s continental shelf meet the deep ocean water across the steep sloping sides of the shelf edge,” said NOC. “It is a nutrient-rich and productive area in terms of sea life and an important area for fisheries. It is also where there is a tremendous movement and exchange of water and nutrients.”
Autosub’s payload space allows the vehicle to be customised for bespoke science applications.
For FASTNEt, it has dual 600kHz acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs) which measure water velocities 50m above and below the submarine, a microstructure turbulence probe which measures small scale turbulence in the undisturbed water in front of the AUV, a fluorometer which provides information on the turbidity of the water; and a standard conductivity, temperature and pressure (CTD) sensor used to calculate water salinity and to identify different water masses.
“Autosub LR is an ideal vehicle to use with the FASTNEt programme. Its large payload capacity and very long range mean that it can be launched from a harbour in Donegal, undertake a 30 day mission and then return to the shore for recovery,” said Dr Maaten Furlong, head of marine autonomous robotic systems (MARS) at NOC. “This means the data can be gathered at a relatively low cost. The lower cost of this style of operation has significant potential to change how measurements are undertaken in the ocean, and could enable more routine monitoring of the oceans.”
It spent three days travelling nearly 100km to the working area, and is repeating a series of sections down and up the shelf edge at a constant altitude above the bottom. From its periodic Iridium exchanges, MARS will adjust the deployment and eventually navigate Autosub back to the Donegal.
Meanwhile remotely-operated sub-sea gliders will be mapping the upper water column.
There will also be more traditional ship-borne measurements and long term moorings. “This combined approach will allow the scientists to study the continental shelf edge in unprecedented detail,” said NOC.
Microsoft has released the source code for MS-DOS, to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, after 30 years of secrecy.
According to the museum, when IBM needed an operating system for the original PC in 1980, it asked Microsoft. In turn, Microsoft which purchased “an operating system from Seattle Computer Products variously called QDOS [Quick and dirty operating system] and 86-DOS”.
PC DOS version 1.0, was shipped with the first IBM PCs, then Microsoft then re-wrote it to support sub-directories and hard discs making v2.0, which shipped with the IBM PC-XT in 1983.
Microsoft licensed it to other computer manufacturers under the name MS-DOS.
Now MS-DOS v1.1 and v2.0 source and object code are available from the Museum’s website for non-commercial use – you will have to accepted a fairly lengthy set of terms and conditions first.
Microsoft has also made the source code for Word for Windows v1.1a available through a similar route.
ELECTRONICS.CA PUBLICATIONS announces the availability of a new report entitled “Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) 2014-2024: Forecasts, Technologies, Players”. According to this report, WSN market will grow to $1.8 billion in 2024. These figures refer to WSN defined as wireless mesh networks, i.e. self-healing and self-organising. Wireless Sensor Networks will eventually enable the automatic monitoring of forest fires, avalanches, hurricanes, failure of country wide utility equipment, traffic, hospitals and much more over wide areas, something previously impossible. It has started already with more humble killer applications such as automating meter readings in buildings, and manufacture and process control.
The WSN business is set to become a multi-billion dollar activity but only if there is major progress with standards and technology. This techno-marketing report scopes manufacturers and developers and looks closely at the impediments to rollout and how to overcome them. For example, today’s power sources often stand in way of the desired 20 year life so the report looks closely at how energy harvesting can help and profiles the relevant power source manufacturers. Ten year WSN market forecasts are made based on the very latest information.
This new report draws lessons from many successful installations in the last year. It looks at the complex standards scene with particular focus on WirelessHART that is the key to applications in the process industries in the short and medium term and it shows how the alternative ISA 11.11a has some way to go but may prove useful over a wider field of application and eventually subsume WirelessHART. It examines recent successes of the various backers of ZigBee-related solutions, who is behind the alternatives and how they see the future.
Source From:
http://www.electronics.ca/wireless-sensor-networks-wsn-market-report.html
The Ictineo submarine was high-tech and influential
Just when you thought there were no unique selling points left in the world of LED light engines, Bridgelux releases a water-resistant series designed to future-proof outdoor luminaire manufacturing.
Called Outdoor Lighting Module (OLM), it integrates LEDs, optics and environmental protection in a package that can be screwed to a heatsink, and is designed to replace high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps.
“High-pressure sodium lamps are highly efficient and prolific. We realised there is no equivalent LED that has that versatility,” Bridgelux marketing director Todd Farmer told Electronics Weekly
Although others are planned, “right now, there is one sort of OLM platform. It comes in lots of different CCTs and CRIs, and various optical patterns from different optics”, said Farmer.
Optical patterns are available to suit OLM to various applications: streetlight, parking lots, high bay, wall pack, canopy, tunnel and floodlights, listed Farmer, adding: “Luminaire makers can design a casting around the profile of this module, then they can proliferate across multiple segments with same casting or two castings.”
Two castings?
“A single module (2,100-4,500 lm) can replace 50 or 70W HPS lamps. A casting with two modules can replace 150W HPS, and upwards. Also, you might have one casting for street and area lighting, and one casting for canopy,” he explained.
The casting, or other luminaire structure, does not need to protect the OLM environmentally, only to provide a flat area for thermal contact and six threaded holes to accept module mounting screws – design services are available to luminaire makers needing help creating a suitable structure.
Within the OLM, light comes from two of Bridgelux’ Vero 10 chip-on-board (CoB) LED arrays. There is no long heat path – the rears of the actual CoBs project slightly from the back of the OLM and are pressed onto the heatsink surface by the mounting screws.
“One of the nicer parts, is that the back of each array is exposed out of rear of module so it can be managed exactly same way as two of our CoB modules,” said Farmer. And if one side is screwed down before the other, “the housing has enough flexibility to ensure one side is not left high and dry.”
Future-proofing
Farmer argues that luminaire makers that adopt single emitters are fighting a constant battle with the march of lighting LED efficiency. They need to offer products whose light output remains constant from year to year, while LEDs keep getting brighter.
“Improvements in the industry are constantly hurting luminaire makers,” he said. “You have a system using 20 emitters. If in six months you only need 16, you have to re-tool – that’s $30,000 – and you have to re-design the optics – that’s another $30,000. You could keep buying weaker emitters, but somebody is launching new products every few months. They will have better lm/W, and you are 15-20 lm/W behind. It’s really painful to have to use older technology.”
In the OLM case, Bridgelux is committing to keep the same shape and size, and can reduce the number of die in the CoBs as die become more efficient.
Providing the luminaire maker is using a constant current power supply, they can swap to the fewer-die OLMs with no other changes and reap the lm/W improvements, said Farmer. “If we go from strings of 10 LEDs to strings of nine, the voltage range of the driver should be able to accommodate.”
The two CoBs are connected in series. Operating current is nominally 350mA (53.4V 18.7W typ), with a maximum of 700mA recommended.
At 350mA 70°C, output from the 4,000K version is 2,086 lm and 112lm/W
Although it is not used in the first generation, within the package is space for electronics. According to Farmer: “The road map has high-performance versions, and integrated intelligence, and drivers.”
In its literature, Bridgelux is pitching a 4,272 lm OLM (700mA 40.4W 5,000K 70CRI) against a 7,000 lm HPS (87W, 2,100K, 45CRI).
How does it justify the OLM emitting only 60% of the HPS flux.
“For roadway luminaires, and many exterior and industrial applications, the lighting patterns are often determined by regulating bodies and the achievement of these patterns is engineered with secondary optics,” Bridgelux told Electronics Weekly. “The directional nature of LEDs allows high coefficient of utilisation – the amount of light created by the lighting source that is used in the required lighting pattern. High pressure sodium, and other tube technologies, have low coefficient of utilisation due to their inherent fully radiant light nature. In order to achieve equivalent lighting patterns on the required surface, LED luminaires only require 50-60% of the initial lumens of an HPS system.”
Will there be a second source?
“Zarga is working on some stuff and we are embracing those conversations,” said Farmer.
Plessey has launched its smallest GaN-on-SI LED yet, aiming it at the surging wearable electronics market.
PLW138003 is a white LED in a 1005 (1×0.5mm) SMT package “designed specifically for the demand for ever smaller LED components producing highly collimated light”, said Plessey.
Branded ‘dotLEDs’, there is also a blue version, the PLB138003. Both weigh 0.2mg and are 0.2mm tall.
Up to 0.7 lm of white light with 130° viewing angle is available from 5mA drive (at 2.9Vf = 48 lm/W ).
“Further additions to the dotLED family will be colour variants and a series in the larger 1608 footprint,” said the firm.
Die are also available – the one in the 1005 products is 200x200x75µm.
“Plessey is demonstrating its commitment to bringing to market a comprehensive range of LED products across all markets and applications. The dotLED family addresses the exacting optical, mechanical and cost requirements where small is beautiful,” said Dr Jose Lopez, Plessey chief commercial officer.
The Plessey dotLED datasheets are here.
An oxide transistor kitchen timer has been printed on paper, by a consortium including PragmatIC Printing of Sedgefield.
The device consists of a logic circuit implemented with thin film metal oxide transistors, powered by a printed battery, and integrated onto a paper substrate. It has four timing sequences.
It was proposed by exhibition firm IDTechEx, and will be on show at its Printed Electronics Europe event (Berlin 1-2 April). IDTechEx pulled together a team included consumer goods company Procter & Gamble, printed logic company PragmatIC, printed battery supplier Blue Spark Technologies, conductive ink and photonic curing equipment supplier NovaCentrix, and California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), which designed and printed on the paper substrate.
“We set out to create an integrated, fully functional device that has strong value and need. Involving end user P&G provided valuable insight into consumer requirements, which resulted in specifying and delivering the world’s first flexible multi-use timer based on commercially available printed electronics,” said IDTechEx CEO Raghu Das. “A timer is one of the basic building blocks that will enable many different products in a modular approach. To reflect that, timers were created for different applications to demonstrate the wide applicability of the device.”
“Follow-on manufacturing is already planned for later this year, including enhancements to the functionality and even greater integration of the printed electronics,” said PragmatIC.
The timer is aimed at four different activities: working out, cooking, meetings, children’s activities. Each has four individually controlled timing options, activated by bending or dog-earing one of the corners of the paper substrate.
Blue Spark, NovaCentrix and PragmatIC will be speaking at the show or conference.
“The conference and tradeshow brings together end users with suppliers – where pull and push balance – to provide attendees with that critical insight into the driving needs for the technology, in addition to appraisal of all the key enabling materials, components and manufacturing processes,” said IDTechEx. “End users exploring printed electronics, such as Hasbro, Diageo, Electrolux, Boeing, De La Rue, Abbott Diagnostics, Decathlon and Stora Enso, will present their needs and programs.”
PragmatIC Printing operates a pilot line at the UK’s National Centre for Printable Electronics in Sedgefield, part of the Centre for Process Innovation (CPI). It also licenses its technology for higher volume production.